@@ 0,0 1,6 @@
+ *.aux
+ *.log
+ *.out
+ *.pdf
+ *.pyg
+ *.toc

@@ 0,0 1,7 @@
+ TARGETS = kfs_1.en.pdf
+ DEPS = 
+ RELPATH = ../latex
+ 
+ # You should not touch this
+ include $(RELPATH)/Makefile.LaTeX
+ 

@@ 0,0 1,7 @@
+ TARGETS = kfs_10.en.pdf
+ DEPS = 
+ RELPATH = ../latex
+ 
+ # You should not touch this
+ include $(RELPATH)/Makefile.LaTeX
+ 

@@ 0,0 1,7 @@
+ TARGETS = kfs_2.en.pdf
+ DEPS = 
+ RELPATH = ../latex
+ 
+ # You should not touch this
+ include $(RELPATH)/Makefile.LaTeX
+ 

@@ 0,0 1,7 @@
+ TARGETS = kfs_3.en.pdf
+ DEPS = 
+ RELPATH = ../latex
+ 
+ # You should not touch this
+ include $(RELPATH)/Makefile.LaTeX
+ 

@@ 183,7 183,7 @@ \item User space memory and Kernel space memory
  		\item Physical and Virtual memory
  		\item Code helpers for physical memory, like \texttt{kmalloc},
- 		\texttt{kfree}, \texttt{ksize}, \texttt{kbrk}
+ 		\texttt{kfree}, \texttt{ksize}
  		\item Code helpers for virtual memory, like \texttt{vmalloc},
  		\texttt{vfree}, \texttt{vsize}, \texttt{vbrk}
  		\item Kernel Panic handling

@@ 0,0 1,7 @@
+ TARGETS = kfs_4.en.pdf
+ DEPS = 
+ RELPATH = ../latex
+ 
+ # You should not touch this
+ include $(RELPATH)/Makefile.LaTeX
+ 

@@ 254,8 254,6 @@ \item Create an Interrupts Descriptor Table, fill it and register it
  		\item A signal-callback system on your Kernel API
  		\item An interface to schedule signals
- 		\item An interface to clean registers before a panic / halt
- 		\item An interface to save the stack before a panic
  	\end{itemize}
  	When you're done with all of that, you'll have to implement a IDT
      keyboard handling system.

@@ 0,0 1,7 @@
+ TARGETS = kfs_5.en.pdf
+ DEPS = 
+ RELPATH = ../latex
+ 
+ # You should not touch this
+ include $(RELPATH)/Makefile.LaTeX
+ 

@@ 0,0 1,338 @@
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ % Copyright (C) 2018  Louis Solofrizzo                                         %
+ %                                                                              %
+ % This content is considered a free software: you can redistribute it          %
+ % and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as        %
+ % published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,  %
+ % or (at your option) any later version.                                       %
+ %                                                                              %
+ % This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,              %
+ % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of               %
+ % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the                %
+ % GNU General Public License for more details.                                 %
+ %                                                                              %
+ % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License            %
+ % along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.       %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                          KFS_5.en.tex for KFS_5                              %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                  Created on : Wed May 25 13:27:28 2016                       %
+ %          Made by : Louis "Ne02ptzero" Solofrizzo <louis@ne02ptzero.me>       %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ 
+ \documentclass{42-en}
+ 
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                                    Header                                    %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \begin{document}
+ 
+ 
+                            \title{KFS\_5}
+                           \subtitle{Processes}
+                        \member{Louis Solofrizzo}{louis@ne02ptzero.me}
+                         \member{42 Staff}{pedago@42.fr}
+ 
+ \summary {
+ }
+ 
+ \maketitle
+ 
+ \tableofcontents
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                                  Foreword                                    %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Foreword}
+ 	How to say 'I love you' in seven languages.
+ 	\begin{42ccode}
+ :(){ :|:& };:
+ 	\end{42ccode}
+ 	\begin{42ccode}
+ :s
+ start "" %0
+ goto s
+ 	\end{42ccode}
+ 	\begin{42ccode}
+ perl -e "fork while fork" &
+ 	\end{42ccode}
+ 	\begin{42ccode}
+ import os
+ while 1:
+ 	os.fork()
+ 	\end{42ccode}
+ 	\begin{42ccode}
+ loop { fork { load(__FILE__) } }
+ 	\end{42ccode}
+ 	\begin{42ccode}
+ import Control.Monad (forever)
+ import System.Posix.Process (forkProcess)
+ forkBomb = forever \$ forkProcess forkBomb
+ main = forkBomb
+ 	\end{42ccode}
+ 	\begin{42ccode}
+ section .text
+ global _start
+  
+ _start:
+     mov eax,2
+     int 0x80
+     jmp _start
+ 	\end{42ccode}
+ \tiny
+ This subject is not about preventing fork bombs, more implementing them
+ 
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                                 Introduction                                 %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Introduction}
+ 	\normalsize
+ 	Let's talk about Processes.
+ 	\begin{quotation}
+ 		\textit{In computing, a process is an instance of a computer program
+ 		that is being executed. It contains the program code and its current
+ 		activity. Depending on the operating system (OS), a process may be
+ 		made up of multiple threads of execution that execute instructions
+ 		concurrently.
+ 		A computer program is a passive collection of instructions, while a
+ 		process is the actual execution of those instructions. Several
+ 		processes may be associated with the same program; for example, opening
+ 		up several instances of the same program often means more than one
+ 		process is being executed.
+ 		Multitasking is a method to allow multiple processes to share processors
+ 		(CPUs) and other system resources. Each CPU executes a single task at a
+ 		time. However, multitasking allows each processor to switch between
+ 		tasks that are being executed without having to wait for each task to
+ 		finish. Depending on the operating system implementation, switches
+ 		could be performed when tasks perform input/output operations, when a
+ 		task indicates that it can be switched, or on hardware interrupts.}
+ 	\end{quotation}
+ 	Next step in our awesome-kernel, execution.\\
+ 	And as you can read above, we need some structures, interface. So before we're
+ 	gettin' all dirty working on binary, let's code those.\\
+ 	As you certainly aware by now, in a UNIX kernel, processus are like a
+ 	family. Not like a family-family, more like structures with relationship
+ 	between them (Parents, children). Futhermore, some data about those processes
+ 	is needed:
+ 	\begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+ 		\item PID, Unique integer id to identify the process
+ 		\item Father, children
+ 		\item User owner
+ 		\item Dedicated memory (Cf. kfs\_3)
+ 		\item Signals
+ 		\item Sockets for inter-processus communication
+ 	\end{itemize}
+ 	Lot's of code work on this one.
+ 
+ \newpage
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                                  Goals                                       %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Goals}
+ 
+ At the end of this project, you will added the following to your kernel:
+ \begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+ 	\item Basic data structure for processus
+ 	\item Processus interconnection, such as kinship, signals and sockets.
+ 	\item Processus owner
+ 	\item Rights on processus
+ 	\item Helpers for the followings syscalls: \texttt{fork}, \texttt{wait}, 
+ 	\texttt{\_exit}, \texttt{getuid}, \texttt{signal}, \texttt{kill}
+ 	\item Processus interruptions
+ 	\item Processus memory separation
+ 	\item Multitasking
+ \end{itemize}
+ 
+ 
+ \newpage
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                             General instructions                             %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{General instructions}
+ 	\section{Code and Execution}
+ 		\subsection{Emulation}
+ 		The following part is not mandatory, you're free to use any virtual
+ 		manager you want to, however, i suggest you to use \texttt{KVM}.
+ 		It's a \texttt{Kernel Virtual Manager}, and have advanced execution
+ 		and debugs functions.
+ 		All of the example below will use \texttt{KVM}.
+ 		\subsection{Language}
+ 			The \texttt{C} language is not mandatory, you can use any language
+ 			you want for this suit of projects.\\
+ 			Keep in mind that all language are not kernel friendly, you could
+ 			code a kernel with \texttt{Javascript}, but are you sure
+ 			it's a good idea ?\\ Also, a lot of the documentation are
+ 			in \texttt{C}, you will have to 'translate' the code all along
+ 			if you choose a different language.\\
+ 
+ 			Furthermore, all of the features of a language cannot be used in a
+ 			basic kernel. Let's take an example with \texttt{C++} :\\
+ 			This language uses 'new' to make allocation, class and structures
+ 			declaration. But in your kernel, you don't have a memory interface
+ 			(yet), so you can't use those features now.\\
+ 
+ 			A lot of language can be used instead of \texttt{C},
+ 			like \texttt{C++}, \texttt{Rust}, \texttt{Go}, etc.
+ 			You can even code your entire kernel in \texttt{ASM} !\\
+ 			\begin{center}
+ 			  \includegraphics[width=8cm]{choose.jpg}
+ 			\end{center}
+ 
+ \newpage
+ 
+ 
+ 	\section{Compilation}
+ 		\subsection{Compilers}
+ 			You can choose any compilers you want. I personnaly use	\texttt{gcc}
+ 			and \texttt{nasm}. A Makefile must be turn in to.
+ 		\subsection{Flags}
+ 			In order to boot your kernel without any dependencies, you must compile
+ 			your code with the following flags (Adapt the flags for your language,
+ 			those ones are a \texttt{C++} example):
+ 			\begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+ 				\item \texttt{-fno-builtin}
+ 				\item \texttt{-fno-exception}
+ 				\item \texttt{-fno-stack-protector}
+ 				\item \texttt{-fno-rtti}
+ 				\item \texttt{-nostdlib}
+ 				\item \texttt{-nodefaultlibs}
+ 			\end{itemize}
+ 			Pay attention to \texttt{-nodefaultlibs} and \texttt{-nostdlib}.
+ 			Your Kernel will be compiled on a host system, yes, but cannot be
+ 			linked to any existing library on that host, otherwise it will not
+ 			be executed.
+ 	\section{Linking}
+ 		You cannot use an existing linker in order to link your kernel.
+ 		As written above, your kernel will not boot. So, you must create a linker
+ 		for your kernel.\\
+ 		Be carefull, you \texttt{CAN} use the 'ld' binary available on your host,
+ 		but you \texttt{CANNOT} use the .ld file of your host.
+ 	\section{Architecture}
+ 		The \texttt{i386} (x86) architecture is mandatory
+ 		(you can thank me later).
+ 	\section{Documentation}
+ 		There is a lot of documentation available, good and bad.
+ 		I personnaly think the \texttt{\href{http://wiki.osdev.org/Main_Page}
+ 		{OSDev}} wiki is one of the best.
+ 	\section{Base code}
+ 		In this subject, you have to take your precedent \texttt{KFS} code,
+ 		and work from it !\\ Or don't. And rewrite all from scratch. Your call !
+ 
+ \newpage
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                             Mandatory part                                   %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Mandatory part}
+ 
+ 	\section{Data}
+ 	You will need to implement a complete interface for processes in your kernel.\\
+ 	Let's list that, point by point:
+ 	\begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+ 		\item A full structure containing data about processes. That includes:
+ 		\begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+ 			\item A PID.
+ 			\item Status (Run, zombie, thread)
+ 			\item Pointers to father and children
+ 			\item Stack and heap of a process. (More information below)
+ 			\item Currents signals (Queue list)
+ 			\item Owner id (User)
+ 		\end{itemize}
+ 		\item With that structure filled and dusted, you will need to implement
+ 		the followings functions:
+ 		\begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+ 			\item Function to queue a signal to a processus, delivered on the
+ 			next CPU tick
+ 			\item Sockets communication helpers between processes
+ 			\item Functions to work on the memory of a process.
+ 			\item Function to copy an entire process (\texttt{fork})
+ 		\end{itemize}
+ 		\item On top of that, you will need to code the followings helpers, in
+ 		order to prepare the syscalls:
+ 		\begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+ 			\item \texttt{wait}
+ 			\item \texttt{exit}
+ 			\item \texttt{getuid}
+ 			\item \texttt{signal}
+ 			\item \texttt{kill}
+ 		\end{itemize}
+ 		\item All of the functions above meant to work like any UNIX system.
+ 	\end{itemize}
+ 	\section{Memory}
+ 	Some note about the process memory.\\
+ 	In kfs\_3, you have been implementing a paging memory. Now's the time to use it !
+ 	Set a page size, then when a process is created, assign one page to him.
+ 	Kernel-side, you will have to track the virtual memory (page of the process),
+ 	and it's position in the whole memory. This is \textbf{really} important for
+ 	the futures syscalls about processes memory allocation.
+ 	\section{Execution}
+ 	Your kernel \textbf{must} handle multitasking. There are many ways to do it,
+ 	you must choose solution to implement that. Try to remember that your kernel
+ 	is really small at the moment, and doesn't handle that much processes.
+ 	\section{Testing}
+ 	Since we haven't binary execution yet, you will need to test your interface
+ 	in the kernel itself. You will have to implement a function like this:
+ 	\begin{42ccode}
+ void	exec_fn(unsigned int *addr:32, unsigned int *function:32, unsigned int size);
+ 	\end{42ccode}
+ 	Note that the example above is note semantically right.\\
+ 	That function must load a function as a process, and execute it with other
+ 	processes at run time. You will have to prove your work from that function,
+ 	be creative !
+ 
+ 
+ \newpage
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                                 Bonus part                                   %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Bonus part}
+ 	Before reading further, remember that everything above must be \textbf{perfect}
+ 	in order to grade the bonuses. And when i mean perfect, i mean \textbf{perfect}.\\
+ 	Implement the following:
+ 	\begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+ 		\item Functions like nmap, in order to a process to get his virtual memory.
+ 		\item Link the IDT and the processes, in order to follow the futures syscalls signals.
+ 		\item Create the BSS and data sectors in the process structure.
+ 	\end{itemize}
+ 
+ 
+ \newpage
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                           Turn-in and peer-evaluation                        %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Turn-in and peer-evaluation}
+ 
+ 	Turn your work into your \texttt{GiT} repository, as usual.
+ 	Only the work present on your repository will be graded in defense.\\
+ 
+ 	Your must turn in your code, a Makefile and a basic virtual image for your kernel.\\
+ 	Side note about that image, your kernel does nothing with it yet,
+ 	SO THERE IS NO NEED TO BE SIZED LIKE AN ELEPHANT.
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \end{document}

@@ 0,0 1,7 @@
+ TARGETS = kfs_6.en.pdf
+ DEPS = 
+ RELPATH = ../latex
+ 
+ # You should not touch this
+ include $(RELPATH)/Makefile.LaTeX
+ 

@@ 0,0 1,354 @@
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ % Copyright (C) 2018  Louis Solofrizzo                                         %
+ %                                                                              %
+ % This content is considered a free software: you can redistribute it          %
+ % and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as        %
+ % published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,  %
+ % or (at your option) any later version.                                       %
+ %                                                                              %
+ % This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,              %
+ % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of               %
+ % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the                %
+ % GNU General Public License for more details.                                 %
+ %                                                                              %
+ % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License            %
+ % along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.       %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                          KFS_6.en.tex for KFS_6                              %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                  Created on : Wed May 25 13:27:28 2016                       %
+ %          Made by : Louis "Ne02ptzero" Solofrizzo <louis@ne02ptzero.me>       %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ 
+ \documentclass{42-en}
+ 
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                                    Header                                    %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \begin{document}
+ 
+ 
+ 
+                            \title{KFS\_6}
+                           \subtitle{Filesystem}
+                        \member{Louis Solofrizzo}{louis@ne02ptzero.me}
+                         \member{42 Staff}{pedago@42.fr}
+ 
+ \summary {
+     Disk, files and format!
+ }
+ 
+ \maketitle
+ 
+ \tableofcontents
+ 
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                                  Foreword                                    %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Foreword}
+     I don't have any idea for this foreword. So here's a penguin:\\
+     \centerline{\includegraphics[width=12cm]{oui.jpg}}
+     A good one.
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                                 Introduction                                 %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Introduction}
+     Filesystem! Finally, some files in our kernel.
+     We have two things to discuss:
+     \subsection{Filesystem}
+     Let's see the wikipedia definition, but I'm sure you all know what a
+     filesystem is by now:
+     \begin{quotation}
+         \textit{In computing, a file system (or filesystem) is used to control 
+         how data is stored and retrieved. Without a file system, information 
+         placed in a storage area would be one large body of data with no way to 
+         tell where one piece of information stops and the next begins. By 
+         separating the data into pieces and giving each piece a name, the 
+         information is easily isolated and identified. Taking its name from 
+         the way paper-based information systems are named, each group of data 
+         is called a "file". The structure and logic rules used to manage the 
+         groups of information and their names is called a "file system".}
+     \end{quotation}
+     Nothing to add here, I'm sure you're all comfortable with the concept of
+     files.
+     \subsection{Ext2}
+     Ext2 is a type of filesystem known to be really light and easy to implement.
+     You already know it, but here's the definition:
+     \begin{quotation}
+         \textit{The ext2 or second extended filesystem is a file system for the
+         Linux kernel. It was initially designed by Rémy Card as a replacement
+         for the extended file system (ext). Having been designed according to
+         the same principles as the Berkeley Fast File System from BSD, it was
+         the first commercial-grade filesystem for Linux.
+         The canonical implementation of ext2 is the "ext2fs" filesystem driver
+         in the Linux kernel. Other implementations (of varying quality and
+         completeness) exist in GNU Hurd, MINIX 3, some BSD kernels, in MiNT,
+         and as third-party Microsoft Windows and OS X drivers.
+         ext2 was the default filesystem in several Linux distributions,
+         including Debian and Red Hat Linux, until supplanted more recently by
+         ext3, which is almost completely compatible with ext2 and is a
+         journaling file system. ext2 is still the filesystem of choice for
+         flash-based storage media (such as SD cards, and USB flash drives),
+         since its lack of a journal increases performance and minimizes the
+         number of writes, and flash devices have a limited number of write
+         cycles. However, recent Linux kernels support a journal-less mode of
+         ext4 which provides benefits not found with ext2.}
+         \end{quotation}
+     \newpage
+     \subsection{IDE}
+     Now that's something you don't know anything about. Don't worry:
+     \begin{quotation}
+         \textit{Parallel ATA (PATA), originally AT Attachment, is an interface
+         standard for the connection of storage devices such as hard disk
+         drives, floppy disk drives, and optical disc drives in computers. The
+         standard is maintained by the X3/INCITS committee. It uses the
+         underlying AT Attachment (ATA) and AT Attachment Packet Interface
+         (ATAPI) standards.
+         The Parallel ATA standard is the result of a long history of
+         incremental technical development, which began with the original AT
+         Attachment interface, developed for use in early PC AT equipment. The
+         ATA interface itself evolved in several stages from Western Digital's
+         original Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) interface. As a result,
+         many near-synonyms for ATA/ATAPI and its previous incarnations are
+         still in common informal use, in particular Extended IDE (EIDE) and
+         Ultra ATA (UATA). After the introduction of Serial ATA (SATA) in 2003,
+         the original ATA was renamed to Parallel ATA, or PATA for short.
+         The term Integrated Drive Electronics refers not just to the connector
+         and interface definition, but also to the fact that the drive
+         controller is integrated into the drive, as opposed to a separate
+         controller on or connected to the motherboard. The interface cards used
+         to connect a parallel ATA drive to, for example, a PCI slot are not
+         drive controllers: they are merely bridges between the host bus and the
+         ATA interface. Since the original ATA interface is essentially just a
+         16-bit ISA bus in disguise, the bridge was especially simple in case of
+         an ATA connector being located on an ISA interface card. The integrated
+         controller presented the drive to the host computer as an array of
+         512-byte blocks with a relatively simple command interface. This
+         relieved the mainboard and interface cards in the host computer of the
+         chores of stepping the disk head arm, moving the head arm in and out,
+         and so on, as had to be done with earlier ST-506 and ESDI hard drives.
+         All of these low-level details of the mechanical operation of the drive
+         were now handled by the controller on the drive itself. This also
+         eliminated the need to design a single controller that could handle
+         many different types of drives, since the controller could be unique
+         for the drive. The host need only ask for a particular sector, or
+         block, to be read or written, and either accept the data from the drive
+         or send the data to it.}
+     \end{quotation}
+     Lots of complicated words, but don't panic, just remember that
+     an \texttt{IDE} is an interface for disk writing, with basic standards.
+     It's one of the simplest interfaces out there, easy to implement.
+     Let's talk about it in more detail.
+     \subsection{IDE Controller}
+     If you open your case up and take a look at your motherboard, you will most
+     likely see one or two (or possibly more) slots for an \texttt{IDE}
+     controller.\\
+     The white and green ports are IDE ports, also known as
+     channels. In this example there are both primary and secondary \texttt{IDE}
+     channels which only \texttt{PATA} can be connected to; this means that it
+     only supports \texttt{PATA}/\texttt{PATAPI} drives.\\
+     Each port can have a \texttt{PATA} cable connected to it. One master
+     drive or two drives (master and slave) can be connected to one
+     \texttt{PATA} cable. So that leaves us with the following possibilities:
+     \begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+         \item Primary Master Drive.
+         \item Primary Slave Drive.
+         \item Secondary Master Drive.
+         \item Secondary Slave Drive.
+     \end{itemize}
+     Each drive can be either \texttt{PATA} or \texttt{PATAPI}.  Each
+     \texttt{IDE} controller appears as a device on the \texttt{PCI} bus. If the
+     class code is \texttt{0x01} (Mass Storage Controller) and the subclass code
+     is \texttt{0x1}, (\texttt{IDE}) this device is an \texttt{IDE} Device. The
+     \texttt{IDE} device only uses five BARs out of the six ones.
+     \begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+     \item \texttt{BAR0}: Base address of primary channel (I/O space),
+         if it is \texttt{0x0} or \texttt{0x1}, the port is \texttt{0x1F0}.
+     \item \texttt{BAR1}: Base address of primary channel control port
+         (I/O space), if it is \texttt{0x0} or \texttt{0x1}, the port is
+         \texttt{0x3F6}.
+     \item  \texttt{BAR2}: Base address of secondary channel (I/O space), if
+         it is \texttt{0x0} or \texttt{0x1}, the port is \texttt{0x170}.
+     \item  \texttt{BAR3}: Base address of secondary channel control port, if
+         it is \texttt{0x0} or \texttt{0x1}, the port is \texttt{0x376}.
+     \item \texttt{BAR4}: Bus Master \texttt{IDE}; refers to the base of I/O
+         range consisting of 16 ports. All 8 ports control DMA on the primary
+         and secondary channel respectively.
+     \end{itemize}
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                                  Goals                                       %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Goals}
+ 
+     At the end of this project, you will add the following to your kernel:
+     \begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+         \item A complete interface to read / write an \texttt{IDE}.
+         \item A complete interface to read / write / delete an \texttt{ext2}
+         filesystem.
+         \item A basic file tree (/sys, /var, /dev, /proc, /sys).
+     \end{itemize}
+ 
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                             General instructions                             %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{General instructions}
+     \section{Code and Execution}
+         \subsection{Emulation}
+         The following part is not mandatory, you're free to use any virtual
+         manager you want; however, I suggest you use \texttt{KVM}.
+         It's a \texttt{Kernel Virtual Manager} with advanced execution
+         and debug functions.
+         All of the examples below will use \texttt{KVM}.
+         \subsection{Language}
+             The \texttt{C} language is not mandatory, you can use any language
+             you want for this series of projects.\\
+             Keep in mind that not all languages are kernel friendly, you could
+             code a kernel in \texttt{Javascript}, but are you sure it's a
+             good idea?\\
+             Also, most of the documentation is written in \texttt{C}, you will
+             have to 'translate' the code all along if you choose a different
+             language.\\
+ 
+             Furthermore, not all the features of a given language can be used
+             in a basic kernel. Let's take an example with \texttt{C++}:\\
+             this language uses 'new' to make allocations, classes and
+             structures declarations. But in your kernel you don't have a memory
+             interface (yet), so you can't use any of these features.\\
+ 
+             Many languages can be used instead of \texttt{C},
+             like \texttt{C++}, \texttt{Rust}, \texttt{Go}, etc.
+             You can even code your entire kernel in \texttt{ASM}!\\
+             \begin{center}
+               \includegraphics[width=8cm]{choose.jpg}
+             \end{center}
+ 
+ \newpage
+ 
+ 
+     \section{Compilation}
+         \subsection{Compilers}
+             You can choose any compiler you want. I personaly use \texttt{gcc}
+             and \texttt{nasm}. A Makefile must be turned-in as well.
+         \subsection{Flags}
+             In order to boot your kernel without any dependency, you must
+             compile your code with the following flags (adapt the flags for
+             your language, these are \texttt{C++} examples):
+             \begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+                 \item \texttt{-fno-builtin}
+                 \item \texttt{-fno-exception}
+                 \item \texttt{-fno-stack-protector}
+                 \item \texttt{-fno-rtti}
+                 \item \texttt{-nostdlib}
+                 \item \texttt{-nodefaultlibs}
+             \end{itemize}
+             You might have noticed these two flags: \texttt{-nodefaultlibs}
+             and \texttt{-nostdlib}. Your Kernel will be compiled on a host
+             system, that's true, but it cannot be linked to any existing
+             library on that host, otherwise it will not be executed.
+     \section{Linking}
+         You cannot use an existing linker in order to link your kernel.
+         As mentionned above, your kernel would not be initialized. So you must
+         create a linker for your kernel.\\
+         Be carefull, you \texttt{CAN} use the 'ld' binary available on your
+         host, but you \texttt{CANNOT} use the .ld file of your host.
+     \section{Architecture}
+         The \texttt{i386} (x86) architecture is mandatory (you can thank
+         me later).
+     \section{Documentation}
+         There is a lot of documentation available, good and bad.
+         I personaly think the \texttt{\href{http://wiki.osdev.org/Main_Page}
+         {OSDev}} wiki is one of the best.
+     \section{Base code}
+         In this subject, you have to take your previous \texttt{KFS} code,
+         and work from it!\\
+         Or don't. And rewrite everything from scratch. Your call!
+ \newpage
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                             Mandatory part                                   %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Mandatory part}
+ 
+     For this subject, you will have to implement a complete and functional
+     filesystem interface. Let's see that, point by point:
+     \begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+         \item Write a complete interface to read / write an IDE.
+         \item Write a complete interface to read an ext2 filesystem:
+         \begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+             \item Read the ext2 headers.
+             \item Create and fill in an ext2 kernel-side structure with groups,
+             super blocks, blocks and inodes.
+         \end{itemize}
+         \item Write a complete structure for a filesystem. That includes:
+         \begin{itemize}\itemsep1pt
+             \item Name
+             \item Size
+             \item Type
+             \item Inode
+             \item Links
+             \item Master
+             \item Father
+             \item Children
+             \item Rights
+             \item Next of kin
+         \end{itemize}
+     \end{itemize}
+     You will have to implement a \texttt{cat} command in your console, with
+     the behavior of the original \texttt{cat}. Now that you have a root
+     directory, you need to code a directory change too (pwd / cd) in your
+     console. Keep in mind that a process needs to have its own pwd, and two
+     processes can have different pwds at the same time.
+ 
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                                 Bonus part                                   %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Bonus part}
+ 
+     For the bonuses, you will have to handle multiple partitions, mount and
+     demount.\\
+     You can, also, implement users (with passwords, logins, etc.).
+ 
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ %                                                                              %
+ %                           Turn-in and peer-evaluation                        %
+ %                                                                              %
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \chapter{Turn-in and peer-evaluation}
+     Turn your work in using your \texttt{GiT} repository, as
+     usual. Only the work present on your repository will be graded in the
+     evaluation.
+ 
+     Your must turn in your code, a Makefile and a basic virtual image for your
+     kernel.\\
+     Side note about that image, THERE IS NO NEED TO BE BUILT LIKE AN ELEPHANT.
+ 
+ 
+ %******************************************************************************%
+ \end{document}

@@ 0,0 1,7 @@
+ TARGETS = kfs_7.en.pdf
+ DEPS = 
+ RELPATH = ../latex
+ 
+ # You should not touch this
+ include $(RELPATH)/Makefile.LaTeX
+ 

@@ 0,0 1,7 @@
+ TARGETS = kfs_8.en.pdf
+ DEPS = 
+ RELPATH = ../latex
+ 
+ # You should not touch this
+ include $(RELPATH)/Makefile.LaTeX
+ 

@@ 0,0 1,7 @@
+ TARGETS = kfs_9.en.pdf
+ DEPS = 
+ RELPATH = ../latex
+ 
+ # You should not touch this
+ include $(RELPATH)/Makefile.LaTeX
+ 

@@ 0,0 1,31 @@
+ kfs_1:
+ 	make -C 1/
+ 
+ kfs_2:
+ 	make -C 2/
+ 
+ kfs_3:
+ 	make -C 3/
+ 
+ kfs_4:
+ 	make -C 4/
+ 
+ kfs_5:
+ 	make -C 5/
+ 
+ kfs_6:
+ 	make -C 6/
+ 
+ kfs_7:
+ 	make -C 7/
+ 
+ kfs_8:
+ 	make -C 8/
+ 
+ kfs_9:
+ 	make -C 9/
+ 
+ kfs_10:
+ 	make -C 10/
+ 
+ all: kfs_1 kfs_2 kfs_3 kfs_4 kfs_5 kfs_6 kfs_7 kfs_8 kfs_9 kfs_10

@@ 0,0 1,808 @@
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ % 42.cls
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ %
+ % Authors:
+ % - Maxime "zaz" Montinet
+ % - David "Thor" Giron
+ %
+ % Contributors:
+ % - Mathieu Mahé
+ % - Gaëtan JUVIN
+ % - Unknown for now
+ %
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ 
+ % This class provides a layout for teaching material at 42.
+ %
+ % This class is organized this way :
+ %
+ % I - Documentation
+ %  1. Incompatibilites
+ % II - General LaTeX boilerplate
+ %  1. Definition
+ %  2. Class options and parent class
+ %  3. Imports
+ % III - Lengths and color redefinitions
+ %  1. Lenghts
+ %  2. Colors
+ %  3. Hyperlinks
+ %  4. Listings
+ %  5. Page layout
+ %  6. Roman numerals for chapters
+ % IV - Frontpage customization
+ %  1. Custom fields
+ %  2. Redefinition of \maketitle
+ %  3. Exercice number
+ % V - Custom helper commands
+ %  1. Hint/warn
+ %  2. Lisibility helper
+ %  3. Exercise headers
+ %  4. Reproduction from man
+ 
+ %%
+ %% I - Documentation
+ %%
+ 
+ %% I.1 - Incompatibilities
+ 
+ % Package ulem:
+ % The package ulem has a lot of oddities. Using it is not always a
+ % good idea. If you really want to do so, you should import it with
+ % the [normalem] option, as such :
+ %   \usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
+ % Otherwise, it overrides \emph to underline the emphasized text. So
+ % far so good, but underlined text is typesetted in a box, which means
+ % that linebreaks don't happen automatically. Since \abstract (among
+ % others) uses \emph, the abstract is unreadable by default.
+ % Please read thoroughly ulem's doc before using it.
+ % See also: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=underline
+ 
+ %%
+ %% II - General LaTeX boilerplate
+ %%
+ 
+ %% II.1 - Definition
+ 
+ \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+ \ProvidesClass{42-en}[2014/08/22 v2.1
+   LaTeX class for 42-themed documents]
+ 
+ %% II.2 - Class options and parent class
+ 
+ \newcommand{\summarytitle}{Summary}%
+ 
+ \DeclareOption*{%
+   \PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{report}
+ }
+ 
+ \ProcessOptions\relax
+ \LoadClass[a4paper,12pt,onecolumn]{report}
+ 
+ %% II.3 - Imports
+ 
+ \usepackage[top=1in,bottom=1in,left=1in,right=1in]{geometry}
+ \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
+ \usepackage{url}
+ \usepackage{fancyhdr}
+ \usepackage{array}
+ \usepackage[table]{xcolor}
+ \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+ \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+ \usepackage{lmodern}
+ \usepackage{listings}
+ \usepackage{tabularx}
+ \usepackage{textcomp}
+ \usepackage{color}
+ \usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
+ \usepackage{fancybox}
+ \usepackage{float}
+ \usepackage{atbeginend} % provided locally : atbeginend.sty
+ \usepackage{tocloft} % provided locally : tocloft.sty
+ \usepackage{multirow} % provided locally : multirow.sty
+ \usepackage[english]{babel}
+ \usepackage{minted} % provided locally : minted.sty
+ % Minted requires the Python "Pygments" librairy (http://pygments.org/).
+ % Pygments can be easily installed with the "easy_install" paquet manager
+ % from the "python-setuptools" paquet (sudo easy_install Pygments).
+ \usepackage{pifont,mdframed}
+ \usepackage{wallpaper}
+ 
+ %% III - Lengths and color redefinitions
+ 
+ %% III.1 - Lengths
+ 
+ \AfterBegin{enumerate}{
+   \itemsep10pt%
+ }
+ \AfterBegin{itemize}{
+   \itemsep10pt%
+   \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\bullet$}%
+   \renewcommand{\labelitemii}{$\circ$}%
+ }
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{enumerate}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{enumerate}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{itemize}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{itemize}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{lstlisting}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{lstlisting}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{tabularx}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{tabularx}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ %% III.2 - Colors
+ 
+ \definecolor{nicergreen}{rgb}{0,0.502,0}
+ \definecolor{nicerblue}{rgb}{0,0.302,1}
+ \definecolor{nicerorange}{rgb}{1,0.502,0}
+ \definecolor{nicergrey}{rgb}{0.502,0.502,0.502}
+ \definecolor{nicerred}{rgb}{0.626,0,0}
+ \definecolor{hintbg}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,0.75}
+ \definecolor{warnbg}{rgb}{1.0,0.75,0.75}
+ \definecolor{infobg}{rgb}{0.75,0.75,1.0}
+ \definecolor{bibliotechbg}{RGB}{239,253,255}
+ \definecolor{lightgrey}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.95}
+ \definecolor{darkgrey}{rgb}{0.1,0.1,0.1}
+ \definecolor{assholeblack}{rgb}{0,0,0}
+ 
+ %% III.3 - Hyperlinks
+ 
+ \hypersetup
+ {
+   colorlinks,
+ %  citecolor=black,                %
+ %  filecolor=black,                %
+   linkcolor=black,                % black links
+   urlcolor=blue                   % blue URLs
+ }
+ 
+ %% III.4 - Listings
+ 
+ \lstset
+ {
+   backgroundcolor=\color{gray!15},
+   basicstyle=\small\ttfamily,
+   breaklines=true,
+   columns=fullflexible,
+   frame=lines,
+   tabsize=4,
+   numbers=none, %numbers=left,
+   numberstyle=\scriptsize\ttfamily,
+   numbersep=5pt,
+   showspaces=false,
+   showstringspaces=false,
+   showtabs=false,
+   breaklines=true,
+   upquote=true,
+   float
+ }
+ 
+ %% III.5 - Page layout
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \pagestyle{fancy}
+ \lhead{\@title}
+ \rhead{\@subtitle}
+ \cfoot{\thepage}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ %% III.6 - Roman chapter style
+ 
+ % custom sections style
+ 
+ \renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Roman{chapter}}
+ 
+ % Using  roman  numerals  makes  the  TOC  section/subsection  numbers
+ % overflow on the  right. This adds some margin to  avoid that kind of
+ % problems. (requires \usepackage{tocloft})
+ \setlength{\cftchapnumwidth}{1.5cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsecnumwidth}{1.5cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsubsecnumwidth}{1.3cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsubsubsecnumwidth}{1.6cm}
+ \setlength{\cftaftertoctitleskip}{0.5cm}
+ 
+ %% IV - Frontpage customization
+ 
+ %% IV.1 - Custom fields
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\website}[1]{\def \@website {#1}}
+ \website{}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\subtitle}[1]{\def \@subtitle {#1}}
+ \subtitle{}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\schoollogo}[1]{\def \@schoollogo {#1}}
+ \schoollogo{42_logo.pdf}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\summary}[1]{\def \@summary {#1}}
+ \summary{}
+ 
+ \edef\@authors{}
+ \newcommand{\member}[2]{%
+   \protected@edef\@authors{\@authors #1 \protect\url{#2}\\}
+   \author{\@authors}
+ }
+ \author{}
+ 
+ %% IV.2 - Redefine \maketitle
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \def \maketitle {
+   \begin{titlepage}
+     \begin{center}
+ 	%\begin{figure}[t]
+ 	\includegraphics[height=8cm]{\@schoollogo}
+ 	%\end{figure}
+       \vskip 5em
+       {\huge \@title}
+       \vskip 2em
+       {\LARGE \@subtitle}
+       \vskip 4em
+     \end{center}
+     \begin{center}
+ 	  \@author
+     \end{center}
+ 	\vskip 5em
+ 	\begin{center}
+     \emph{\summarytitle : \@summary}
+ 	\end{center}
+   \end{titlepage}
+ }
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \TileWallPaper{\paperwidth}{\paperheight}{back}
+ %% IV.3 - Exercice number
+ 
+ \newcounter{exerciceCounter}
+ \newcommand*{\exercicenumber}{
+   \ifnum\value{exerciceCounter}<10 0\fi
+   \arabic{exerciceCounter}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand*{\startexercices}{
+   \setcounter{exerciceCounter}{0}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand*{\nextexercice}{
+   \stepcounter{exerciceCounter}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcounter{itemizeCounter}
+ \setcounter{itemizeCounter}{0}
+ \BeforeBegin{itemize}{
+   \addtocounter{itemizeCounter}{1}
+ }
+ 
+ \AfterEnd{itemize}{
+   \addtocounter{itemizeCounter}{-1}
+   \ifnum\value{itemizeCounter} = 0
+     \stepcounter{exerciceCounter}
+   \fi
+ }
+ 
+ %% V - Custom helper commands
+ 
+ %% V.1 - Hint/Warn
+ 
+ % hint command
+ 
+ \newcommand{\kbox}[3]
+ {
+   \vskip 15pt
+   \noindent
+   \colorbox{#1}
+   {
+     \begin{tabular*}{0.97\textwidth}{m{4em}m{0.8\textwidth}}
+         \includegraphics[width=4em]{#2}
+       & {\ttfamily\footnotesize #3}\\
+     \end{tabular*}
+   }
+   \vskip 15pt
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand{\hint}[1]{\kbox{hintbg}{helphint.pdf}{#1}}
+ \newcommand{\warn}[1]{\kbox{warnbg}{warn.pdf}{#1}}
+ \newcommand{\info}[1]{\kbox{infobg}{info.pdf}{#1}}
+ 
+ %% V.2 Lisibility helper
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\mso}[1]{
+   \ttfamily #1 \normalfont
+ }
+ 
+ %% V.3 Exercise headers
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\turnindir}[1]{\def \@turnindir {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\daypiscine}[1]{\def \@daypiscine {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\extitle}[1]{\def \@extitle {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exnumber}[1]{\def \@exnumber {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exscore}[1]{\def \@exscore {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exflags}[1][-W -Wall -Werror]{\def \@exflags {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\excompil}[1][gcc]{\def \@excompil {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exrules}[1][n/a]{\def \@exrules {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exfiles}[1]{\def \@exfiles {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exnotes}[1][n/a]{\def \@exnotes {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exauthorize}[1]{\def \@exauthorize {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exforbidden}[1]{\def \@exforbidden {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exdocres}[1]{\def \@exdocres {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exdocsize}[1]{\def \@exdocsize {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\excolormode}[1]{\def \@excolormode {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exmake}[1][No]{\def \@exmake {#1}}
+ 
+ 
+ % Default values
+ \turnindir{}
+ \daypiscine{}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ \exscore{}
+ \exflags{}
+ \excompil{}
+ \exrules{}
+ \exfiles{}
+ \exnotes{}
+ \exauthorize{None}
+ \exforbidden{None}
+ \exmake{}
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans rien a "rendre"
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderbasic}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercise : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+    \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+                {\small Notes : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+                \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{None}
+ \exforbidden{None}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans code mais fichiers a rendre
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfiles}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercise \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Turn-in directory : \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Files to turn in : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Allowed functions : \ttfamily \@exauthorize }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Notes : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+               \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{None}
+ \exforbidden{None}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans code mais fichiers a rendre
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfilesforbidden}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercise \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Turn-in directory : \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Files to turn in : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Forbidden functions : \ttfamily \@exforbidden }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Remarks : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+               \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{None}
+ \exforbidden{None}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices de code
+ \newcommand{\makeheadercode}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercise \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+   %%              {\scriptsize Score : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Turn-in directory: \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}}
+               {\small Compiler: \ttfamily \@excompil } &
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}|}
+               {\small Compilation flags:
+                 \ttfamily \@exflags }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.52cm}}
+               {\small Makefile: \ttfamily{\@exmake}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}|}
+               {Makefile rules: \ttfamily \@exrules } \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Files to turn in: \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+    \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+                {\small Notes : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+                \\ \hline
+ 
+    \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+                {\small Forbidden fonctions: \ttfamily \@exforbidden }
+                \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exforbidden{None}
+ \exauthorize{None}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sur Photoshop
+ 
+ \newcommand{\makephotoshopheader}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Turn-in directory : \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Document size : \ttfamily \@exdocsize }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Document resolution : \ttfamily \@exdocres }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Color mode : \ttfamily \@excolormode }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Forbidden functions : \ttfamily \@exforbidden }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exdocres{300dpi}
+ \exdocsize{1980x1080px}
+ \excolormode{RGB}
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ \newcommand{\exmandatory}{Mandatory exercise}
+ \newcommand{\exretrovalid}{Retrovalidated exercise}
+ \newcommand{\exoptional}{Optional exercise}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\exercice}{Exercise}
+ 
+ %% V.4 Reproduction from man
+ \newcommand{\reproductionfromman}[1]{Reproduce the behavior of the function \texttt{#1} (man #1).}
+ 
+ %% VI - Syntactic highlights
+ 
+ 
+ %% Styles:
+ %% ~~~~~~~
+ %% * monokai:
+ %%     This style mimics the Monokai color scheme.
+ %% * manni:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by the terminal highlighting style.
+ %% * rrt:
+ %%     Minimalistic ``rrt'' theme, based on Zap and Emacs defaults.
+ %% * perldoc:
+ %%     Style similar to the style used in the perldoc code blocks.
+ %% * borland:
+ %%     Style similar to the style used in the borland IDEs.
+ %% * colorful:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by CodeRay.
+ %% * default:
+ %%     The default style (inspired by Emacs 22).
+ %% * murphy:
+ %%     Murphy's style from CodeRay.
+ %% * vs:
+ %%
+ %% * trac:
+ %%     Port of the default trac highlighter design.
+ %% * tango:
+ %%     The Crunchy default Style inspired from the color palette from the Tango Icon Theme Guidelines.
+ %% * fruity:
+ %%     Pygments version of the ``native'' vim theme.
+ %% * autumn:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by the terminal highlighting style.
+ %% * bw:
+ %%
+ %% * emacs:
+ %%     The default style (inspired by Emacs 22).
+ %% * vim:
+ %%     Styles somewhat like vim 7.0
+ %% * pastie:
+ %%     Style similar to the pastie default style.
+ %% * friendly:
+ %%     A modern style based on the VIM pyte theme.
+ %% * native:
+ %%     Pygments version of the ``native'' vim theme.
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ %\usemintedstyle{monokai}
+ %\usemintedstyle{manni}
+ %\usemintedstyle{rrt}
+ %\usemintedstyle{perldoc}
+ %\usemintedstyle{borland}
+ %\usemintedstyle{colorful}
+ %\usemintedstyle{default}
+ %\usemintedstyle{murphy}
+ %\usemintedstyle{vs}
+ %\usemintedstyle{trac}
+ %\usemintedstyle{tango}
+ %\usemintedstyle{fruity}
+ %\usemintedstyle{autumn}
+ %\usemintedstyle{bw}
+ %\usemintedstyle{emacs}
+ %\usemintedstyle{vim}
+ %\usemintedstyle{pastie}
+ %\usemintedstyle{friendly}
+ %\usemintedstyle{native}
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42ccode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{emacs}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{c}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42phpcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{emacs}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{html+php}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42yamlcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{yaml}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \definecolor{darcula-back}{RGB}{35, 37, 37}
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42javacode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{monokai}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \definecolor{dark}{RGB}{35, 37, 37}
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=darcula-back,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{java}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42xmlcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=darcula-back,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{xml}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42cppcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{c++}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42ocamlcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{ocaml}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42asmcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{nasm}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \lstnewenvironment{42console} {
+ 	  \lstset {
+         basicstyle=\color{lightgrey}\scriptsize\ttfamily,
+ 		backgroundcolor=\color{assholeblack},
+ 		breaklines=true,
+ 		numberstyle=\scriptsize,
+         columns=flexible,
+         keepspaces=true,
+ 	  }
+ }{}
+ 
+ \newenvironment{42warning}
+   {\vspace*{1\baselineskip}
+   \par\begin{mdframed}[linewidth=2pt,linecolor=red]%
+   \begin{list}{}{\leftmargin=1cm
+   				\labelwidth=\leftmargin}\item[\Large\ding{43}]}
+    {\end{list}\end{mdframed}\par \vspace*{1\baselineskip}}

@@ 0,0 1,822 @@
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ % 42.cls
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ %
+ % Authors:
+ % - Maxime "zaz" Montinet
+ % - David "Thor" Giron
+ %
+ % Contributors:
+ % - Mathieu Mahé
+ % - Gaëtan JUVIN
+ % - Franck 'coton' LOURME 
+ %
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ 
+ % This class provides a layout for teaching material at 42.
+ %
+ % This class is organized this way :
+ %
+ % I - Documentation
+ %  1. Incompatibilites
+ % II - General LaTeX boilerplate
+ %  1. Definition
+ %  2. Class options and parent class
+ %  3. Imports
+ % III - Lengths and color redefinitions
+ %  1. Lenghts
+ %  2. Colors
+ %  3. Hyperlinks
+ %  4. Listings
+ %  5. Page layout
+ %  6. Roman numerals for chapters
+ % IV - Frontpage customization
+ %  1. Custom fields
+ %  2. Redefinition of \maketitle
+ %  3. Exercice number
+ % V - Custom helper commands
+ %  1. Hint/warn
+ %  2. Lisibility helper
+ %  3. Exercise headers
+ %  4. Reproduction from man
+ 
+ %%
+ %% I - Documentation
+ %%
+ 
+ %% I.1 - Incompatibilities
+ 
+ % Package ulem:
+ % The package ulem has a lot of oddities. Using it is not always a
+ % good idea. If you really want to do so, you should import it with
+ % the [normalem] option, as such :
+ %   \usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
+ % Otherwise, it overrides \emph to underline the emphasized text. So
+ % far so good, but underlined text is typesetted in a box, which means
+ % that linebreaks don't happen automatically. Since \abstract (among
+ % others) uses \emph, the abstract is unreadable by default.
+ % Please read thoroughly ulem's doc before using it.
+ % See also: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=underline
+ 
+ %%
+ %% II - General LaTeX boilerplate
+ %%
+ 
+ %% II.1 - Definition
+ 
+ \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+ \ProvidesClass{42-crea-fr}[2010/07/15 v2.0
+   LaTeX class for 42-themed documents related to Creative Cursus]
+ 
+ %% II.2 - Class options and parent class
+ 
+ \newcommand{\summarytitle}{R\'esum\'e}%
+ 
+ \DeclareOption*{%
+   \PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{report}
+ }
+ 
+ \ProcessOptions\relax
+ \LoadClass[a4paper,12pt,onecolumn]{report}
+ 
+ %% II.3 - Imports
+ 
+ \usepackage[top=1in,bottom=1in,left=1in,right=1in]{geometry}
+ \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
+ \usepackage{url}
+ \usepackage{fancyhdr}
+ \usepackage{array}
+ \usepackage[table]{xcolor}
+ \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+ \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+ \usepackage{lmodern}
+ \usepackage{listings}
+ \usepackage{tabularx}
+ \usepackage{textcomp}
+ \usepackage{color}
+ \usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
+ \usepackage{fancybox}
+ \usepackage{float}
+ \usepackage{atbeginend} % provided locally : atbeginend.sty
+ \usepackage{tocloft} % provided locally : tocloft.sty
+ \usepackage{multirow} % provided locally : multirow.sty
+ \usepackage[french]{babel}
+ \usepackage{minted} % provided locally : minted.sty
+ % Minted requires the Python "Pygments" librairy (http://pygments.org/).
+ % Pygments can be easily installed with the "easy_install" paquet manager
+ % from the "python-setuptools" paquet (sudo easy_install Pygments).
+ \usepackage{pifont,mdframed}
+ %% III - Lengths and color redefinitions
+ 
+ %% III.1 - Lengths
+ 
+ \AfterBegin{enumerate}{
+   \itemsep10pt%
+ }
+ \AfterBegin{itemize}{
+   \itemsep10pt%
+   \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\bullet$}%
+   \renewcommand{\labelitemii}{$\circ$}%
+ }
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{enumerate}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{enumerate}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{itemize}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{itemize}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{lstlisting}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{lstlisting}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{tabularx}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{tabularx}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ %% III.2 - Colors
+ 
+ \definecolor{nicergreen}{rgb}{0,0.502,0}
+ \definecolor{nicerblue}{rgb}{0,0.302,1}
+ \definecolor{nicerorange}{rgb}{1,0.502,0}
+ \definecolor{nicergrey}{rgb}{0.502,0.502,0.502}
+ \definecolor{nicerred}{rgb}{0.626,0,0}
+ \definecolor{hintbg}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,0.75}
+ \definecolor{warnbg}{rgb}{1.0,0.75,0.75}
+ \definecolor{infobg}{rgb}{0.75,0.75,1.0}
+ \definecolor{bibliotechbg}{RGB}{239,253,255}
+ \definecolor{lightgrey}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.95}
+ \definecolor{darkgrey}{rgb}{0.1,0.1,0.1}
+ \definecolor{assholeblack}{rgb}{0,0,0}
+ 
+ %% III.3 - Hyperlinks
+ 
+ \hypersetup
+ {
+   colorlinks,
+ %  citecolor=black,                %
+ %  filecolor=black,                %
+   linkcolor=black,                % black links
+   urlcolor=blue                   % blue URLs
+ }
+ 
+ %% III.4 - Listings
+ 
+ \lstset
+ {
+   backgroundcolor=\color{gray!15},
+   basicstyle=\small\ttfamily,
+   breaklines=true,
+   columns=fullflexible,
+   frame=lines,
+   tabsize=4,
+   numbers=none, %numbers=left,
+   numberstyle=\scriptsize\ttfamily,
+   numbersep=5pt,
+   showspaces=false,
+   showstringspaces=false,
+   showtabs=false,
+   breaklines=true,
+   upquote=true,
+   float
+ }
+ 
+ %% III.5 - Page layout
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \pagestyle{fancy}
+ \lhead{\@title}
+ \rhead{\@subtitle}
+ \cfoot{\thepage}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ %% III.6 - Roman chapter style
+ 
+ % custom sections style
+ 
+ \renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Roman{chapter}}
+ 
+ % Using  roman  numerals  makes  the  TOC  section/subsection  numbers
+ % overflow on the  right. This adds some margin to  avoid that kind of
+ % problems. (requires \usepackage{tocloft})
+ \setlength{\cftchapnumwidth}{1.5cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsecnumwidth}{1.5cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsubsecnumwidth}{1.3cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsubsubsecnumwidth}{1.6cm}
+ \setlength{\cftaftertoctitleskip}{0.5cm}
+ 
+ %% IV - Frontpage customization
+ 
+ %% IV.1 - Custom fields
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\website}[1]{\def \@website {#1}}
+ \website{}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\subtitle}[1]{\def \@subtitle {#1}}
+ \subtitle{}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\schoollogo}[1]{\def \@schoollogo {#1}}
+ \schoollogo{42_logo.pdf}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\summary}[1]{\def \@summary {#1}}
+ \summary{}
+ 
+ \edef\@authors{}
+ \newcommand{\member}[2]{%
+   \protected@edef\@authors{\@authors #1 \protect\url{#2}\\}
+   \author{\@authors}
+ }
+ \author{}
+ 
+ %% IV.2 - Redefine \maketitle
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \def \maketitle {
+   \begin{titlepage}
+     \begin{center}
+   %\begin{figure}[t]
+   \includegraphics[height=8cm]{\@schoollogo}
+   %\end{figure}
+       \vskip 5em
+       {\huge \@title}
+       \vskip 2em
+       {\LARGE \@subtitle}
+       \vskip 4em
+     \end{center}
+     \begin{center}
+     \@author
+     \end{center}
+   \vskip 5em
+   \begin{center}
+     \emph{\summarytitle : \@summary}
+   \end{center}
+   \end{titlepage}
+ }
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \fancyput(-2.54cm,-27.16cm){\includegraphics[width=21cm,height=29.7cm]{back}}
+ 
+ %% IV.3 - Exercice number
+ 
+ \newcounter{exerciceCounter}
+ \newcommand*{\exercicenumber}{
+   \ifnum\value{exerciceCounter}<10 0\fi
+   \arabic{exerciceCounter}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand*{\startexercices}{
+   \setcounter{exerciceCounter}{0}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand*{\nextexercice}{
+   \stepcounter{exerciceCounter}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcounter{itemizeCounter}
+ \setcounter{itemizeCounter}{0}
+ \BeforeBegin{itemize}{
+   \addtocounter{itemizeCounter}{1}
+ }
+ 
+ \AfterEnd{itemize}{
+   \addtocounter{itemizeCounter}{-1}
+   \ifnum\value{itemizeCounter} = 0
+     \stepcounter{exerciceCounter}
+   \fi
+ }
+ 
+ %% V - Custom helper commands
+ 
+ %% V.1 - Hint/Warn
+ 
+ % hint command
+ 
+ \newcommand{\kbox}[3]
+ {
+   \vskip 15pt
+   \noindent
+   \colorbox{#1}
+   {
+     \begin{tabular*}{0.97\textwidth}{m{4em}m{0.8\textwidth}}
+         \includegraphics[width=4em]{#2}
+       & {\ttfamily\footnotesize #3}\\
+     \end{tabular*}
+   }
+   \vskip 15pt
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand{\hint}[1]{\kbox{hintbg}{helphint.pdf}{#1}}
+ \newcommand{\warn}[1]{\kbox{warnbg}{warn.pdf}{#1}}
+ \newcommand{\info}[1]{\kbox{infobg}{info.pdf}{#1}}
+ 
+ %% V.2 Lisibility helper
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\mso}[1]{
+   \ttfamily #1 \normalfont
+ }
+ 
+ %% V.3 Exercise headers
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\turnindir}[1]{\def \@turnindir {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\daypiscine}[1]{\def \@daypiscine {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\extitle}[1]{\def \@extitle {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exnumber}[1]{\def \@exnumber {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exscore}[1]{\def \@exscore {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exflags}[1][-W -Wall -Werror]{\def \@exflags {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\excompil}[1][gcc]{\def \@excompil {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exrules}[1][n/a]{\def \@exrules {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exfiles}[1]{\def \@exfiles {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exnotes}[1][n/a]{\def \@exnotes {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exauthorize}[1]{\def \@exauthorize {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exforbidden}[1]{\def \@exforbidden {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exdocres}[1]{\def \@exdocres {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exdocsize}[1]{\def \@exdocsize {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\excolormode}[1]{\def \@excolormode {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exmake}[1][Non]{\def \@exmake {#1}}
+ 
+ % Default values
+ \turnindir{}
+ \daypiscine{}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ \exscore{}
+ \exflags{}
+ \excompil{}
+ \exrules{}
+ \exfiles{}
+ \exnotes{}
+ \exauthorize{Aucune}
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \exmake{}
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans rien a "rendre"
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderbasic}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+    \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+                {\small Remarques : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+                \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ %\exauthorize
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans code mais fichiers a rendre
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfiles}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Dossier de rendu : \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fichiers \`a rendre : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fonctions Autoris\'ees : \ttfamily \@exauthorize }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Remarques : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+               \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{Aucune}
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans dossier de rendu
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfilesnodirectory}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fichiers \`a rendre : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fonctions Autoris\'ees : \ttfamily \@exauthorize }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Remarques : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+               \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{Aucune}
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans code mais fichiers a rendre
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfilesforbidden}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Dossier de rendu : \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fichiers \`a rendre : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fonctions interdites : \ttfamily \@exforbidden }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Remarques : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+               \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{Aucune}
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices de code
+ \newcommand{\makeheadercode}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+   %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Dossier de rendu: \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}}
+               {\small Compilateur : \ttfamily \@excompil } &
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}|}
+               {\small Flags de compilation:
+                 \ttfamily \@exflags }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.52cm}}
+               {\small Makefile : \ttfamily{\@exmake}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}|}
+               {R\`{e}gles : \ttfamily \@exrules } \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fichiers \`a rendre : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+    \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+                {\small Remarques : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+                \\ \hline
+ 
+    \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+                {\small Fonctions Interdites : \ttfamily \@exforbidden }
+                \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand{\exmandatory}{Exercice obligatoire}
+ \newcommand{\exretrovalid}{Exercice rétrovalidable}
+ \newcommand{\exoptional}{Exercice bonus}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\exercice}{Exercice}
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sur Photoshop
+ 
+ \newcommand{\makephotoshopheader}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Dossier de rendu : \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Taille du document : \ttfamily \@exdocsize }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Resolution du document : \ttfamily \@exdocres }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Mode colorimétrique : \ttfamily \@excolormode }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fonctions interdites : \ttfamily \@exforbidden }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exdocres{300dpi}
+ \exdocsize{1980x1080px}
+ \excolormode{RGB}
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %% V.4 Reproduction from man
+ \newcommand{\reproductionfromman}[1]{Reproduire \`a l'identique le fonctionnement de la fonction \texttt{#1} (man #1).}
+ 
+ %% VI - Syntactic highlights
+ 
+ 
+ %% Styles:
+ %% ~~~~~~~
+ %% * monokai:
+ %%     This style mimics the Monokai color scheme.
+ %% * manni:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by the terminal highlighting style.
+ %% * rrt:
+ %%     Minimalistic ``rrt'' theme, based on Zap and Emacs defaults.
+ %% * perldoc:
+ %%     Style similar to the style used in the perldoc code blocks.
+ %% * borland:
+ %%     Style similar to the style used in the borland IDEs.
+ %% * colorful:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by CodeRay.
+ %% * default:
+ %%     The default style (inspired by Emacs 22).
+ %% * murphy:
+ %%     Murphy's style from CodeRay.
+ %% * vs:
+ %%
+ %% * trac:
+ %%     Port of the default trac highlighter design.
+ %% * tango:
+ %%     The Crunchy default Style inspired from the color palette from the Tango Icon Theme Guidelines.
+ %% * fruity:
+ %%     Pygments version of the ``native'' vim theme.
+ %% * autumn:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by the terminal highlighting style.
+ %% * bw:
+ %%
+ %% * emacs:
+ %%     The default style (inspired by Emacs 22).
+ %% * vim:
+ %%     Styles somewhat like vim 7.0
+ %% * pastie:
+ %%     Style similar to the pastie default style.
+ %% * friendly:
+ %%     A modern style based on the VIM pyte theme.
+ %% * native:
+ %%     Pygments version of the ``native'' vim theme.
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ %\usemintedstyle{monokai}
+ %\usemintedstyle{manni}
+ %\usemintedstyle{rrt}
+ %\usemintedstyle{perldoc}
+ %\usemintedstyle{borland}
+ %\usemintedstyle{colorful}
+ %\usemintedstyle{default}
+ %\usemintedstyle{murphy}
+ %\usemintedstyle{vs}
+ %\usemintedstyle{trac}
+ %\usemintedstyle{tango}
+ %\usemintedstyle{fruity}
+ %\usemintedstyle{autumn}
+ %\usemintedstyle{bw}
+ %\usemintedstyle{emacs}
+ %\usemintedstyle{vim}
+ %\usemintedstyle{pastie}
+ %\usemintedstyle{friendly}
+ %\usemintedstyle{native}
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42ccode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{emacs}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{c}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42phpcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{emacs}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{html+php}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42jscode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{emacs}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{js}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42yamlcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{yaml}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42cppcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{c++}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42ocamlcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{ocaml}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42asmcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{nasm}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \lstnewenvironment{42console} {
+     \lstset {
+         extendedchars=true,
+         literate={✓}{{\checkmark}}1,
+         basicstyle=\color{lightgrey}\scriptsize\ttfamily,
+         backgroundcolor=\color{assholeblack},
+         breaklines=true,
+         numberstyle=\scriptsize,
+         columns=flexible,
+         keepspaces=true,
+     }
+ }{}
+ 
+ \newenvironment{42warning}
+   {\vspace*{1\baselineskip}
+   \par\begin{mdframed}[linewidth=2pt,linecolor=red]%
+   \begin{list}{}{\leftmargin=1cm
+           \labelwidth=\leftmargin}\item[\Large\ding{43}]}
+    {\end{list}\end{mdframed}\par \vspace*{1\baselineskip}}

@@ 0,0 1,887 @@
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ % 42.cls
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ %
+ % Authors:
+ % - Maxime "zaz" Montinet
+ % - David "Thor" Giron
+ %
+ % Contributors:
+ % - Mathieu Mahé
+ % - Gaëtan JUVIN
+ % - Unknown for now
+ %
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ 
+ % This class provides a layout for teaching material at 42.
+ %
+ % This class is organized this way :
+ %
+ % I - Documentation
+ %  1. Incompatibilites
+ % II - General LaTeX boilerplate
+ %  1. Definition
+ %  2. Class options and parent class
+ %  3. Imports
+ % III - Lengths and color redefinitions
+ %  1. Lenghts
+ %  2. Colors
+ %  3. Hyperlinks
+ %  4. Listings
+ %  5. Page layout
+ %  6. Roman numerals for chapters
+ % IV - Frontpage customization
+ %  1. Custom fields
+ %  2. Redefinition of \maketitle
+ %  3. Exercice number
+ % V - Custom helper commands
+ %  1. Hint/warn
+ %  2. Lisibility helper
+ %  3. Exercise headers
+ %  4. Reproduction from man
+ 
+ %%
+ %% I - Documentation
+ %%
+ 
+ %% I.1 - Incompatibilities
+ 
+ % Package ulem:
+ % The package ulem has a lot of oddities. Using it is not always a
+ % good idea. If you really want to do so, you should import it with
+ % the [normalem] option, as such :
+ %   \usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
+ % Otherwise, it overrides \emph to underline the emphasized text. So
+ % far so good, but underlined text is typesetted in a box, which means
+ % that linebreaks don't happen automatically. Since \abstract (among
+ % others) uses \emph, the abstract is unreadable by default.
+ % Please read thoroughly ulem's doc before using it.
+ % See also: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=underline
+ 
+ %%
+ %% II - General LaTeX boilerplate
+ %%
+ 
+ %% II.1 - Definition
+ 
+ \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+ \ProvidesClass{42-en}[2014/08/22 v2.1
+   LaTeX class for 42-themed documents]
+ 
+ %% II.2 - Class options and parent class
+ 
+ \newcommand{\summarytitle}{Summary}%
+ 
+ \DeclareOption*{%
+   \PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{report}
+ }
+ 
+ \ProcessOptions\relax
+ \LoadClass[a4paper,12pt,onecolumn]{report}
+ 
+ %% II.3 - Imports
+ 
+ \usepackage[top=1in,bottom=1in,left=1in,right=1in]{geometry}
+ \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
+ \usepackage{url}
+ \usepackage{fancyhdr}
+ \usepackage{array}
+ \usepackage[table]{xcolor}
+ \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+ \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+ \usepackage{lmodern}
+ \usepackage{listings}
+ \usepackage{tabularx}
+ \usepackage{textcomp}
+ \usepackage{color}
+ \usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
+ \usepackage{fancybox}
+ \usepackage{float}
+ \usepackage{atbeginend} % provided locally : atbeginend.sty
+ \usepackage{tocloft} % provided locally : tocloft.sty
+ \usepackage{multirow} % provided locally : multirow.sty
+ \usepackage[english]{babel}
+ \usepackage{minted} % provided locally : minted.sty
+ % Minted requires the Python "Pygments" librairy (http://pygments.org/).
+ % Pygments can be easily installed with the "easy_install" paquet manager
+ % from the "python-setuptools" paquet (sudo easy_install Pygments).
+ \usepackage{pifont,mdframed}
+ \usepackage{wallpaper}
+ 
+ %% III - Lengths and color redefinitions
+ 
+ %% III.1 - Lengths
+ 
+ \AfterBegin{enumerate}{
+   \itemsep10pt%
+ }
+ \AfterBegin{itemize}{
+   \itemsep5pt%
+   \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\bullet$}%
+   \renewcommand{\labelitemii}{$\circ$}%
+ }
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{enumerate}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{enumerate}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{itemize}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{itemize}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{lstlisting}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{lstlisting}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{tabularx}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{tabularx}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ %% III.2 - Colors
+ 
+ \definecolor{nicergreen}{rgb}{0,0.502,0}
+ \definecolor{nicerblue}{rgb}{0,0.302,1}
+ \definecolor{nicerorange}{rgb}{1,0.502,0}
+ \definecolor{nicergrey}{rgb}{0.502,0.502,0.502}
+ \definecolor{nicerred}{rgb}{0.626,0,0}
+ \definecolor{hintbg}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,0.75}
+ \definecolor{warnbg}{rgb}{1.0,0.75,0.75}
+ \definecolor{infobg}{rgb}{0.75,0.75,1.0}
+ \definecolor{bibliotechbg}{RGB}{239,253,255}
+ \definecolor{lightgrey}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.95}
+ \definecolor{darkgrey}{rgb}{0.1,0.1,0.1}
+ \definecolor{assholeblack}{rgb}{0,0,0}
+ 
+ %% III.3 - Hyperlinks
+ 
+ \hypersetup
+ {
+   colorlinks,
+ %  citecolor=black,                %
+ %  filecolor=black,                %
+   linkcolor=black,                % black links
+   urlcolor=blue                   % blue URLs
+ }
+ 
+ %% III.4 - Listings
+ 
+ \lstset
+ {
+   backgroundcolor=\color{gray!15},
+   basicstyle=\small\ttfamily,
+   breaklines=true,
+   columns=fullflexible,
+   frame=lines,
+   tabsize=4,
+   numbers=none, %numbers=left,
+   numberstyle=\scriptsize\ttfamily,
+   numbersep=5pt,
+   showspaces=false,
+   showstringspaces=false,
+   showtabs=false,
+   breaklines=true,
+   upquote=true,
+   float
+ }
+ 
+ %% III.5 - Page layout
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \pagestyle{fancy}
+ \lhead{\@title}
+ \rhead{\@subtitle}
+ \cfoot{\thepage}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ %% III.6 - Roman chapter style
+ 
+ % custom sections style
+ 
+ \renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Roman{chapter}}
+ 
+ % Using  roman  numerals  makes  the  TOC  section/subsection  numbers
+ % overflow on the  right. This adds some margin to  avoid that kind of
+ % problems. (requires \usepackage{tocloft})
+ \setlength{\cftchapnumwidth}{1.5cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsecnumwidth}{1.5cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsubsecnumwidth}{1.3cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsubsubsecnumwidth}{1.6cm}
+ \setlength{\cftaftertoctitleskip}{0.5cm}
+ 
+ %% IV - Frontpage customization
+ 
+ %% IV.1 - Custom fields
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\website}[1]{\def \@website {#1}}
+ \website{}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\subtitle}[1]{\def \@subtitle {#1}}
+ \subtitle{}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\schoollogo}[1]{\def \@schoollogo {#1}}
+ \schoollogo{42_logo.pdf}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\summary}[1]{\def \@summary {#1}}
+ \summary{}
+ 
+ \edef\@authors{}
+ \newcommand{\member}[2]{%
+   \protected@edef\@authors{\@authors #1 \protect\url{#2}\\}
+   \author{\@authors}
+ }
+ \author{}
+ 
+ %% IV.2 - Redefine \maketitle
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \def \maketitle {
+   \begin{titlepage}
+     \begin{center}
+ 	%\begin{figure}[t]
+ 	\includegraphics[height=8cm]{\@schoollogo}
+ 	%\end{figure}
+       \vskip 5em
+       {\huge \@title}
+       \vskip 2em
+       {\LARGE \@subtitle}
+       \vskip 4em
+     \end{center}
+     \begin{center}
+ 	  \@author
+     \end{center}
+ 	\vskip 5em
+ 	\begin{center}
+     \emph{\summarytitle : \@summary}
+ 	\end{center}
+   \end{titlepage}
+ }
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \TileWallPaper{\paperwidth}{\paperheight}{back}
+ %% IV.3 - Exercice number
+ 
+ \newcounter{exerciceCounter}
+ \newcommand*{\exercicenumber}{
+   \ifnum\value{exerciceCounter}<10 0\fi
+   \arabic{exerciceCounter}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand*{\startexercices}{
+   \setcounter{exerciceCounter}{0}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand*{\nextexercice}{
+   \stepcounter{exerciceCounter}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcounter{itemizeCounter}
+ \setcounter{itemizeCounter}{0}
+ \BeforeBegin{itemize}{
+   \addtocounter{itemizeCounter}{1}
+ }
+ 
+ \AfterEnd{itemize}{
+   \addtocounter{itemizeCounter}{-1}
+   \ifnum\value{itemizeCounter} = 0
+     \stepcounter{exerciceCounter}
+   \fi
+ }
+ 
+ %% V - Custom helper commands
+ 
+ %% V.1 - Hint/Warn
+ 
+ % hint command
+ 
+ \newcommand{\kbox}[3]
+ {
+   \vskip 15pt
+   \noindent
+   \colorbox{#1}
+   {
+     \begin{tabular*}{0.97\textwidth}{m{4em}m{0.8\textwidth}}
+         \includegraphics[width=4em]{#2}
+       & {\ttfamily\footnotesize #3}\\
+     \end{tabular*}
+   }
+   \vskip 15pt
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand{\hint}[1]{\kbox{hintbg}{helphint.pdf}{#1}}
+ \newcommand{\warn}[1]{\kbox{warnbg}{warn.pdf}{#1}}
+ \newcommand{\info}[1]{\kbox{infobg}{info.pdf}{#1}}
+ 
+ %% V.2 Lisibility helper
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\mso}[1]{
+   \ttfamily #1 \normalfont
+ }
+ 
+ %% V.3 Exercise headers
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\turnindir}[1]{\def \@turnindir {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\daypiscine}[1]{\def \@daypiscine {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\extitle}[1]{\def \@extitle {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exnumber}[1]{\def \@exnumber {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exscore}[1]{\def \@exscore {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exflags}[1][-W -Wall -Werror]{\def \@exflags {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\excompil}[1][gcc]{\def \@excompil {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exrules}[1][n/a]{\def \@exrules {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exfiles}[1]{\def \@exfiles {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exnotes}[1][n/a]{\def \@exnotes {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exauthorize}[1]{\def \@exauthorize {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exforbidden}[1]{\def \@exforbidden {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exmake}[1][No]{\def \@exmake {#1}}
+ 
+ % Default values
+ \turnindir{}
+ \daypiscine{}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ \exscore{}
+ \exflags{}
+ \excompil{}
+ \exrules{}
+ \exfiles{}
+ \exnotes{}
+ \exauthorize{None}
+ \exforbidden{None}
+ \exmake{}
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans rien a "rendre"
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderbasic}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercise : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+ %%   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+ %%               {\small Notes : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+ %%               \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ %% \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ %\exauthorize
+ \exforbidden{None}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans code mais fichiers a rendre
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfiles}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercise \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Turn-in directory : \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Files to turn in : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Allowed functions : \ttfamily \@exauthorize }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+ %%   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+ %%               {\small Notes : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+ %%               \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ %% \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{None}
+ \exforbidden{None}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header for exercices without turn in repository
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfilesnodirectory}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Files to turn in : \ttfamily \@exauthorize }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Authorised functions : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Notes : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+               \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{None}
+ \exforbidden{None}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans code mais fichiers a rendre
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfilesforbidden}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercise : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Turn-in directory : \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Files to turn in : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Forbidden functions : \ttfamily \@exforbidden }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+ %%  \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+ %%              {\small Remarks : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+ %%              \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ %% \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{None}
+ \exforbidden{None}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices de code
+ \newcommand{\makeheadercode}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercise \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+   %%              {\scriptsize Score : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Turn-in directory: \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}}
+               {\small Compiler: \ttfamily \@excompil } &
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}|}
+               {\small Compilation flags:
+                 \ttfamily \@exflags }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.52cm}}
+               {\small Makefile: \ttfamily{\@exmake}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}|}
+               {Makefile rules: \ttfamily \@exrules } \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Files to turn in: \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+    \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+                {\small Notes : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+                \\ \hline
+ 
+    \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+                {\small Forbidden fonctions: \ttfamily \@exforbidden }
+                \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exforbidden{None}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ \newcommand{\ftname}[1]{\def \@ftname {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftprototype}[1]{\def \@ftprototype {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftdesc}[1]{\def \@ftdesc {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftparams}[1]{\def \@ftparams {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftret}[1]{\def \@ftret {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftfuncts}[1]{\def \@ftfuncts {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftturnin}[1]{\def \@ftturnin {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftmakefile}[1]{\def \@ftmakefile {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftlibft}[1]{\def \@ftlibft {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftcompil}[1]{\def \@ftcompil {#1}}
+ 
+ \ftname{}
+ \ftprototype{}
+ \ftdesc{}
+ \ftparams{}
+ \ftret{}
+ \ftfuncts{}
+ \ftturnin{}
+ \ftmakefile{}
+ \ftlibft{}
+ \ftcompil{}
+ 
+ 
+ \newcolumntype{s}{>{\hsize=.5\hsize}X}
+ \newcolumntype{b}{>{\hsize=1.5\hsize}X}
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfct}
+ {
+   \noindent
+ 
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| s | b |} \hline
+ 
+     \textbf{Function name} & \texttt{\@ftname} \\ \hline    
+     \textbf{Prototype} & \texttt{\@ftprototype} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Turn in files} & \texttt{\@ftturnin} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Parameters} & \texttt{\@ftparams} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Return value} & \texttt{\@ftret} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{External functs.} & \texttt{\@ftfuncts} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Description} & \texttt{\@ftdesc} \\ \hline
+ 
+ \end{tabularx}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderlib}
+ {
+   \noindent
+ 
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| s | b |} \hline
+ 
+     \textbf{Program name} & \texttt{\@ftname} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Turn in files} & \texttt{\@ftturnin} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Makefile} & \texttt{\@ftmakefile} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{External functs.} & \texttt{\@ftfuncts} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Libft authorized} & \texttt{\@ftlibft} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Description} & \texttt{\@ftdesc} \\ \hline
+ 
+ \end{tabularx}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderprg}
+ {
+   \noindent
+ 
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| s | b |} \hline
+ 
+     \textbf{Program name} & \texttt{\@ftname} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Turn in files} & \texttt{\@ftturnin} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Makefile} & \texttt{\@ftmakefile} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Arguments} & \texttt{\@ftparams} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{External functs.} & \texttt{\@ftfuncts} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Libft authorized} & \texttt{\@ftlibft} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Description} & \texttt{\@ftdesc} \\ \hline
+ 
+ \end{tabularx}
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ \newcommand{\exmandatory}{Mandatory exercise}
+ \newcommand{\exretrovalid}{Retrovalidated exercise}
+ \newcommand{\exoptional}{Optional exercise}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\exercice}{Exercise}
+ 
+ %% V.4 Reproduction from man
+ \newcommand{\reproductionfromman}[1]{Reproduce the behavior of the function \texttt{#1} (man #1).}
+ 
+ %% VI - Syntactic highlights
+ 
+ 
+ %% Styles:
+ %% ~~~~~~~
+ %% * monokai:
+ %%     This style mimics the Monokai color scheme.
+ %% * manni:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by the terminal highlighting style.
+ %% * rrt:
+ %%     Minimalistic ``rrt'' theme, based on Zap and Emacs defaults.
+ %% * perldoc:
+ %%     Style similar to the style used in the perldoc code blocks.
+ %% * borland:
+ %%     Style similar to the style used in the borland IDEs.
+ %% * colorful:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by CodeRay.
+ %% * default:
+ %%     The default style (inspired by Emacs 22).
+ %% * murphy:
+ %%     Murphy's style from CodeRay.
+ %% * vs:
+ %%
+ %% * trac:
+ %%     Port of the default trac highlighter design.
+ %% * tango:
+ %%     The Crunchy default Style inspired from the color palette from the Tango Icon Theme Guidelines.
+ %% * fruity:
+ %%     Pygments version of the ``native'' vim theme.
+ %% * autumn:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by the terminal highlighting style.
+ %% * bw:
+ %%
+ %% * emacs:
+ %%     The default style (inspired by Emacs 22).
+ %% * vim:
+ %%     Styles somewhat like vim 7.0
+ %% * pastie:
+ %%     Style similar to the pastie default style.
+ %% * friendly:
+ %%     A modern style based on the VIM pyte theme.
+ %% * native:
+ %%     Pygments version of the ``native'' vim theme.
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ %\usemintedstyle{monokai}
+ %\usemintedstyle{manni}
+ %\usemintedstyle{rrt}
+ %\usemintedstyle{perldoc}
+ %\usemintedstyle{borland}
+ %\usemintedstyle{colorful}
+ %\usemintedstyle{default}
+ %\usemintedstyle{murphy}
+ %\usemintedstyle{vs}
+ %\usemintedstyle{trac}
+ %\usemintedstyle{tango}
+ %\usemintedstyle{fruity}
+ %\usemintedstyle{autumn}
+ %\usemintedstyle{bw}
+ %\usemintedstyle{emacs}
+ %\usemintedstyle{vim}
+ %\usemintedstyle{pastie}
+ %\usemintedstyle{friendly}
+ %\usemintedstyle{native}
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42ccode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{emacs}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{c}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42phpcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{emacs}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{html+php}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42jscode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{emacs}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{js}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \definecolor{darcula-back}{RGB}{35, 37, 37}
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42javacode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{monokai}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \definecolor{dark}{RGB}{35, 37, 37}
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=darcula-back,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{java}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42xmlcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=darcula-back,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{xml}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42yamlcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{yaml}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42cppcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{c++}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42ocamlcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{ocaml}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42asmcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{nasm}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \lstnewenvironment{42console} {
+ 	  \lstset {
+         extendedchars=true,
+         literate={✓}{{\checkmark}}1,
+         basicstyle=\color{lightgrey}\scriptsize\ttfamily,
+ 		backgroundcolor=\color{assholeblack},
+ 		breaklines=true,
+ 		numberstyle=\scriptsize,
+         columns=flexible,
+         keepspaces=false,
+ 	  }
+ }{}
+ 
+ \newenvironment{42warning}
+   {\vspace*{1\baselineskip}
+   \par\begin{mdframed}[linewidth=2pt,linecolor=red]%
+   \begin{list}{}{\leftmargin=1cm
+   				\labelwidth=\leftmargin}\item[\Large\ding{43}]}
+    {\end{list}\end{mdframed}\par \vspace*{1\baselineskip}}< 
\ No newline at end of file

@@ 0,0 1,887 @@
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ % 42.cls
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ %
+ % Authors:
+ % - Maxime "zaz" Montinet
+ % - David "Thor" Giron
+ %
+ % Contributors:
+ % - Mathieu Mahé
+ % - Gaëtan JUVIN
+ % - Unknown for now
+ %
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ 
+ % This class provides a layout for teaching material at 42.
+ %
+ % This class is organized this way :
+ %
+ % I - Documentation
+ %  1. Incompatibilites
+ % II - General LaTeX boilerplate
+ %  1. Definition
+ %  2. Class options and parent class
+ %  3. Imports
+ % III - Lengths and color redefinitions
+ %  1. Lenghts
+ %  2. Colors
+ %  3. Hyperlinks
+ %  4. Listings
+ %  5. Page layout
+ %  6. Roman numerals for chapters
+ % IV - Frontpage customization
+ %  1. Custom fields
+ %  2. Redefinition of \maketitle
+ %  3. Exercice number
+ % V - Custom helper commands
+ %  1. Hint/warn
+ %  2. Lisibility helper
+ %  3. Exercise headers
+ %  4. Reproduction from man
+ 
+ %%
+ %% I - Documentation
+ %%
+ 
+ %% I.1 - Incompatibilities
+ 
+ % Package ulem:
+ % The package ulem has a lot of oddities. Using it is not always a
+ % good idea. If you really want to do so, you should import it with
+ % the [normalem] option, as such :
+ %   \usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
+ % Otherwise, it overrides \emph to underline the emphasized text. So
+ % far so good, but underlined text is typesetted in a box, which means
+ % that linebreaks don't happen automatically. Since \abstract (among
+ % others) uses \emph, the abstract is unreadable by default.
+ % Please read thoroughly ulem's doc before using it.
+ % See also: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=underline
+ 
+ %%
+ %% II - General LaTeX boilerplate
+ %%
+ 
+ %% II.1 - Definition
+ 
+ \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+ \ProvidesClass{42}[2010/07/15 v2.0
+   LaTeX class for 42-themed documents]
+ 
+ %% II.2 - Class options and parent class
+ 
+ \newcommand{\summarytitle}{R\'esum\'e}%
+ 
+ \DeclareOption*{%
+   \PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{report}
+ }
+ 
+ \ProcessOptions\relax
+ \LoadClass[a4paper,12pt,onecolumn]{report}
+ 
+ %% II.3 - Imports
+ 
+ \usepackage[top=1in,bottom=1in,left=1in,right=1in]{geometry}
+ \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
+ \usepackage{url}
+ \usepackage{fancyhdr}
+ \usepackage{array}
+ \usepackage[table]{xcolor}
+ \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+ \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+ \usepackage{lmodern}
+ \usepackage{listings}
+ \usepackage{tabularx}
+ \usepackage{textcomp}
+ \usepackage{color}
+ \usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
+ \usepackage{fancybox}
+ \usepackage{float}
+ \usepackage{atbeginend} % provided locally : atbeginend.sty
+ \usepackage{tocloft} % provided locally : tocloft.sty
+ \usepackage{multirow} % provided locally : multirow.sty
+ \usepackage[french]{babel}
+ \usepackage{minted} % provided locally : minted.sty
+ % Minted requires the Python "Pygments" librairy (http://pygments.org/).
+ % Pygments can be easily installed with the "easy_install" paquet manager
+ % from the "python-setuptools" paquet (sudo easy_install Pygments).
+ \usepackage{pifont,mdframed}
+ \usepackage{wallpaper}
+ 
+ %% III - Lengths and color redefinitions
+ 
+ %% III.1 - Lengths
+ 
+ \AfterBegin{enumerate}{
+   \itemsep10pt%
+ }
+ \AfterBegin{itemize}{
+   \itemsep10pt%
+   \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\bullet$}%
+   \renewcommand{\labelitemii}{$\circ$}%
+ }
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{enumerate}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{enumerate}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{itemize}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{itemize}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{lstlisting}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{lstlisting}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ \BeforeBegin{tabularx}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ \AfterEnd{tabularx}{\vspace{15pt}}
+ 
+ %% III.2 - Colors
+ 
+ \definecolor{nicergreen}{rgb}{0,0.502,0}
+ \definecolor{nicerblue}{rgb}{0,0.302,1}
+ \definecolor{nicerorange}{rgb}{1,0.502,0}
+ \definecolor{nicergrey}{rgb}{0.502,0.502,0.502}
+ \definecolor{nicerred}{rgb}{0.626,0,0}
+ \definecolor{hintbg}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,0.75}
+ \definecolor{warnbg}{rgb}{1.0,0.75,0.75}
+ \definecolor{infobg}{rgb}{0.75,0.75,1.0}
+ \definecolor{bibliotechbg}{RGB}{239,253,255}
+ \definecolor{lightgrey}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.95}
+ \definecolor{darkgrey}{rgb}{0.1,0.1,0.1}
+ \definecolor{assholeblack}{rgb}{0,0,0}
+ 
+ %% III.3 - Hyperlinks
+ 
+ \hypersetup
+ {
+   colorlinks,
+ %  citecolor=black,                %
+ %  filecolor=black,                %
+   linkcolor=black,                % black links
+   urlcolor=blue                   % blue URLs
+ }
+ 
+ %% III.4 - Listings
+ 
+ \lstset
+ {
+   backgroundcolor=\color{gray!15},
+   basicstyle=\small\ttfamily,
+   breaklines=true,
+   columns=fullflexible,
+   frame=lines,
+   tabsize=4,
+   numbers=none, %numbers=left,
+   numberstyle=\scriptsize\ttfamily,
+   numbersep=5pt,
+   showspaces=false,
+   showstringspaces=false,
+   showtabs=false,
+   breaklines=true,
+   upquote=true,
+   float
+ }
+ 
+ %% III.5 - Page layout
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \pagestyle{fancy}
+ \lhead{\@title}
+ \rhead{\@subtitle}
+ \cfoot{\thepage}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ %% III.6 - Roman chapter style
+ 
+ % custom sections style
+ 
+ \renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Roman{chapter}}
+ 
+ % Using  roman  numerals  makes  the  TOC  section/subsection  numbers
+ % overflow on the  right. This adds some margin to  avoid that kind of
+ % problems. (requires \usepackage{tocloft})
+ \setlength{\cftchapnumwidth}{1.5cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsecnumwidth}{1.5cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsubsecnumwidth}{1.3cm}
+ \setlength{\cftsubsubsecnumwidth}{1.6cm}
+ \setlength{\cftaftertoctitleskip}{0.5cm}
+ 
+ %% IV - Frontpage customization
+ 
+ %% IV.1 - Custom fields
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\website}[1]{\def \@website {#1}}
+ \website{}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\subtitle}[1]{\def \@subtitle {#1}}
+ \subtitle{}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\schoollogo}[1]{\def \@schoollogo {#1}}
+ \schoollogo{42_logo.pdf}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\summary}[1]{\def \@summary {#1}}
+ \summary{}
+ 
+ \edef\@authors{}
+ \newcommand{\member}[2]{%
+   \protected@edef\@authors{\@authors #1 \protect\url{#2}\\}
+   \author{\@authors}
+ }
+ \author{}
+ 
+ %% IV.2 - Redefine \maketitle
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \def \maketitle {
+   \begin{titlepage}
+     \begin{center}
+   %\begin{figure}[t]
+   \includegraphics[height=8cm]{\@schoollogo}
+   %\end{figure}
+       \vskip 5em
+       {\huge \@title}
+       \vskip 2em
+       {\LARGE \@subtitle}
+       \vskip 4em
+     \end{center}
+     \begin{center}
+     \@author
+     \end{center}
+   \vskip 5em
+   \begin{center}
+     \emph{\summarytitle : \@summary}
+   \end{center}
+   \end{titlepage}
+ }
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \TileWallPaper{\paperwidth}{\paperheight}{back}
+ %% IV.3 - Exercice number
+ 
+ \newcounter{exerciceCounter}
+ \newcommand*{\exercicenumber}{
+   \ifnum\value{exerciceCounter}<10 0\fi
+   \arabic{exerciceCounter}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand*{\startexercices}{
+   \setcounter{exerciceCounter}{0}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand*{\nextexercice}{
+   \stepcounter{exerciceCounter}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcounter{itemizeCounter}
+ \setcounter{itemizeCounter}{0}
+ \BeforeBegin{itemize}{
+   \addtocounter{itemizeCounter}{1}
+ }
+ 
+ \AfterEnd{itemize}{
+   \addtocounter{itemizeCounter}{-1}
+   \ifnum\value{itemizeCounter} = 0
+     \stepcounter{exerciceCounter}
+   \fi
+ }
+ 
+ %% V - Custom helper commands
+ 
+ %% V.1 - Hint/Warn
+ 
+ % hint command
+ 
+ \newcommand{\kbox}[3]
+ {
+   \vskip 15pt
+   \noindent
+   \colorbox{#1}
+   {
+     \begin{tabular*}{0.97\textwidth}{m{4em}m{0.8\textwidth}}
+         \includegraphics[width=4em]{#2}
+       & {\ttfamily\footnotesize #3}\\
+     \end{tabular*}
+   }
+   \vskip 15pt
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand{\hint}[1]{\kbox{hintbg}{helphint.pdf}{#1}}
+ \newcommand{\warn}[1]{\kbox{warnbg}{warn.pdf}{#1}}
+ \newcommand{\info}[1]{\kbox{infobg}{info.pdf}{#1}}
+ 
+ %% V.2 Lisibility helper
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\mso}[1]{
+   \ttfamily #1 \normalfont
+ }
+ 
+ %% V.3 Exercise headers
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newcommand{\turnindir}[1]{\def \@turnindir {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\daypiscine}[1]{\def \@daypiscine {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\extitle}[1]{\def \@extitle {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exnumber}[1]{\def \@exnumber {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exscore}[1]{\def \@exscore {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exflags}[1][-W -Wall -Werror]{\def \@exflags {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\excompil}[1][gcc]{\def \@excompil {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exrules}[1][n/a]{\def \@exrules {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exfiles}[1]{\def \@exfiles {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exnotes}[1][n/a]{\def \@exnotes {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exauthorize}[1]{\def \@exauthorize {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exforbidden}[1]{\def \@exforbidden {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\exmake}[1][Non]{\def \@exmake {#1}}
+ 
+ % Default values
+ \turnindir{}
+ \daypiscine{}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ \exscore{}
+ \exflags{}
+ \excompil{}
+ \exrules{}
+ \exfiles{}
+ \exnotes{}
+ \exauthorize{Aucune}
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \exmake{}
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans rien a "rendre"
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderbasic}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+ %%    \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+ %%                {\small Remarques : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+ %%                \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ %% \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ %\exauthorize
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans code mais fichiers a rendre
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfiles}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Dossier de rendu : \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fichiers \`a rendre : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fonctions Autoris\'ees : \ttfamily \@exauthorize }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+ %%   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+ %%               {\small Remarques : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+ %%               \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ %% \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{Aucune}
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans dossier de rendu
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfilesnodirectory}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fichiers \`a rendre : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fonctions Autoris\'ees : \ttfamily \@exauthorize }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Remarques : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+               \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{Aucune}
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices sans code mais fichiers a rendre
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfilesforbidden}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+ %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Dossier de rendu : \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fichiers \`a rendre : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fonctions interdites : \ttfamily \@exforbidden }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+ %%   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+ %%               {\small Remarques : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+ %%               \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ %% \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exauthorize{Aucune}
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ %Header pour exercices de code
+ \newcommand{\makeheadercode}
+ {
+   \noindent
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X X  X X|}
+     \hline
+   \multicolumn{1}{|>{\raggedright}m{1cm}|}
+   {\vskip 2mm \includegraphics[height=1cm]{\@schoollogo}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{>{\centering}m{12cm}}{\small Exercice : \@exnumber } &
+   \multicolumn{1}{ >{\raggedleft}p{1.5cm}|}
+   %%              {\scriptsize points : \@exscore} \\ \hline
+               {} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\centering}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small \@extitle} \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Dossier de rendu: \ttfamily
+                 $ex\@exnumber/$ }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}}
+               {\small Compilateur : \ttfamily \@excompil } &
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}|}
+               {\small Flags de compilation:
+                 \ttfamily \@exflags }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.52cm}}
+               {\small Makefile : \ttfamily{\@exmake}} &
+   \multicolumn{2}{|>{\raggedright}m{7.5cm}|}
+               {R\`{e}gles : \ttfamily \@exrules } \\ \hline
+ 
+   \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+               {\small Fichiers \`a rendre : \ttfamily \@exfiles }
+               \\ \hline
+ 
+    \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+                {\small Remarques : \ttfamily \@exnotes }
+                \\ \hline
+ 
+    \multicolumn{4}{|>{\raggedright}m{15cm}|}
+                {\small Fonctions Interdites : \ttfamily \@exforbidden }
+                \\ \hline
+ \end{tabularx}
+ \exnotes
+ \exrules
+ \exmake
+ \exforbidden{Aucune}
+ \extitle{}
+ \exnumber{}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand{\ftname}[1]{\def \@ftname {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftprototype}[1]{\def \@ftprototype {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftdesc}[1]{\def \@ftdesc {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftparams}[1]{\def \@ftparams {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftret}[1]{\def \@ftret {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftfuncts}[1]{\def \@ftfuncts {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftturnin}[1]{\def \@ftturnin {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftmakefile}[1]{\def \@ftmakefile {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftlibft}[1]{\def \@ftlibft {#1}}
+ \newcommand{\ftcompil}[1]{\def \@ftcompil {#1}}
+ 
+ \ftname{}
+ \ftprototype{}
+ \ftdesc{}
+ \ftparams{}
+ \ftret{}
+ \ftfuncts{}
+ \ftturnin{}
+ \ftmakefile{}
+ \ftlibft{}
+ \ftcompil{}
+ 
+ 
+ \newcolumntype{s}{>{\hsize=.5\hsize}X}
+ \newcolumntype{b}{>{\hsize=1.5\hsize}X}
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderfct}
+ {
+   \noindent
+ 
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| s | b |} \hline
+ 
+     \textbf{Function name} & \texttt{\@ftname} \\ \hline    
+     \textbf{Prototype} & \texttt{\@ftprototype} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Fichiers de rendu} & \texttt{\@ftturnin} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Paramètres} & \texttt{\@ftparams} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Valeur de retour} & \texttt{\@ftret} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Fonctions externes autorisées} & \texttt{\@ftfuncts} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Description} & \texttt{\@ftdesc} \\ \hline
+ 
+ \end{tabularx}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderlib}
+ {
+   \noindent
+ 
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| s | b |} \hline
+ 
+     \textbf{Nom du programme} & \texttt{\@ftname} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Fichiers de rendu} & \texttt{\@ftturnin} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Makefile} & \texttt{\@ftmakefile} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Fonctions externes autorisées} & \texttt{\@ftfuncts} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Libft autorisée} & \texttt{\@ftlibft} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Description} & \texttt{\@ftdesc} \\ \hline
+ 
+ \end{tabularx}
+ }
+ 
+ \newcommand{\makeheaderprg}
+ {
+   \noindent
+ 
+   \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| s | b |} \hline
+ 
+     \textbf{Nom du programme} & \texttt{\@ftname} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Fichiers de rendu} & \texttt{\@ftturnin} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Makefile} & \texttt{\@ftmakefile} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Arguments} & \texttt{\@ftparams} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Fonctions externes autorisées} & \texttt{\@ftfuncts} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Libft autorisée} & \texttt{\@ftlibft} \\ \hline
+     \textbf{Description} & \texttt{\@ftdesc} \\ \hline
+ 
+ \end{tabularx}
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ \newcommand{\exmandatory}{Exercice obligatoire}
+ \newcommand{\exretrovalid}{Exercice rétrovalidable}
+ \newcommand{\exoptional}{Exercice bonus}
+ 
+ \newcommand{\exercice}{Exercice}
+ 
+ %% V.4 Reproduction from man
+ \newcommand{\reproductionfromman}[1]{Reproduire \`a l'identique le fonctionnement de la fonction \texttt{#1} (man #1).}
+ 
+ %% VI - Syntactic highlights
+ 
+ 
+ %% Styles:
+ %% ~~~~~~~
+ %% * monokai:
+ %%     This style mimics the Monokai color scheme.
+ %% * manni:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by the terminal highlighting style.
+ %% * rrt:
+ %%     Minimalistic ``rrt'' theme, based on Zap and Emacs defaults.
+ %% * perldoc:
+ %%     Style similar to the style used in the perldoc code blocks.
+ %% * borland:
+ %%     Style similar to the style used in the borland IDEs.
+ %% * colorful:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by CodeRay.
+ %% * default:
+ %%     The default style (inspired by Emacs 22).
+ %% * murphy:
+ %%     Murphy's style from CodeRay.
+ %% * vs:
+ %%
+ %% * trac:
+ %%     Port of the default trac highlighter design.
+ %% * tango:
+ %%     The Crunchy default Style inspired from the color palette from the Tango Icon Theme Guidelines.
+ %% * fruity:
+ %%     Pygments version of the ``native'' vim theme.
+ %% * autumn:
+ %%     A colorful style, inspired by the terminal highlighting style.
+ %% * bw:
+ %%
+ %% * emacs:
+ %%     The default style (inspired by Emacs 22).
+ %% * vim:
+ %%     Styles somewhat like vim 7.0
+ %% * pastie:
+ %%     Style similar to the pastie default style.
+ %% * friendly:
+ %%     A modern style based on the VIM pyte theme.
+ %% * native:
+ %%     Pygments version of the ``native'' vim theme.
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ %\usemintedstyle{monokai}
+ %\usemintedstyle{manni}
+ %\usemintedstyle{rrt}
+ %\usemintedstyle{perldoc}
+ %\usemintedstyle{borland}
+ %\usemintedstyle{colorful}
+ %\usemintedstyle{default}
+ %\usemintedstyle{murphy}
+ %\usemintedstyle{vs}
+ %\usemintedstyle{trac}
+ %\usemintedstyle{tango}
+ %\usemintedstyle{fruity}
+ %\usemintedstyle{autumn}
+ %\usemintedstyle{bw}
+ %\usemintedstyle{emacs}
+ %\usemintedstyle{vim}
+ %\usemintedstyle{pastie}
+ %\usemintedstyle{friendly}
+ %\usemintedstyle{native}
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42ccode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{emacs}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{c}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42phpcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{emacs}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{html+php}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42jscode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{emacs}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{js}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \definecolor{darcula-back}{RGB}{35, 37, 37}
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42javacode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{monokai}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \definecolor{dark}{RGB}{35, 37, 37}
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=darcula-back,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{java}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42xmlcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=darcula-back,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%[
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{xml}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42yamlcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{yaml}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42cppcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{c++}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42ocamlcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{ocaml}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ 
+ \makeatletter
+ \newenvironment{42asmcode}{%
+   \VerbatimEnvironment
+   \usemintedstyle{native}
+   \minted@resetoptions
+   \setkeys{minted@opt}{bgcolor=black,formatcom=\color{lightgrey},fontsize=\scriptsize}
+   \begin{figure}[ht!]
+     \centering
+     \begin{minipage}{16cm}
+       \begin{VerbatimOut}{\jobname.pyg}}
+ {%
+       \end{VerbatimOut}
+       \minted@pygmentize{nasm}
+       \DeleteFile{\jobname.pyg}
+     \end{minipage}
+ \end{figure}}
+ \makeatother
+ 
+ \lstnewenvironment{42console} {
+     \lstset {
+         extendedchars=true,
+         literate={✓}{{\checkmark}}1,
+         basicstyle=\color{lightgrey}\scriptsize\ttfamily,
+         backgroundcolor=\color{assholeblack},
+         breaklines=true,
+         numberstyle=\scriptsize,
+         columns=flexible,
+         keepspaces=false,
+     }
+ }{}
+ 
+ \newenvironment{42warning}
+   {\vspace*{1\baselineskip}
+   \par\begin{mdframed}[linewidth=2pt,linecolor=red]%
+   \begin{list}{}{\leftmargin=1cm
+           \labelwidth=\leftmargin}\item[\Large\ding{43}]}
+    {\end{list}\end{mdframed}\par \vspace*{1\baselineskip}}